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Poster
Subgroup Generalization and Fairness of Graph Neural Networks
Jiaqi Ma · Junwei Deng · Qiaozhu Mei

Tue Dec 07 04:30 PM -- 06:00 PM (PST) @
in Poster Session 2 »

Despite enormous successful applications of graph neural networks (GNNs), theoretical understanding of their generalization ability, especially for node-level tasks where data are not independent and identically-distributed (IID), has been sparse. The theoretical investigation of the generalization performance is beneficial for understanding fundamental issues (such as fairness) of GNN models and designing better learning methods. In this paper, we present a novel PAC-Bayesian analysis for GNNs under a non-IID semi-supervised learning setup. Moreover, we analyze the generalization performances on different subgroups of unlabeled nodes, which allows us to further study an accuracy-(dis)parity-style (un)fairness of GNNs from a theoretical perspective. Under reasonable assumptions, we demonstrate that the distance between a test subgroup and the training set can be a key factor affecting the GNN performance on that subgroup, which calls special attention to the training node selection for fair learning. Experiments across multiple GNN models and datasets support our theoretical results.

Keywords: Deep Learning · Graph Learning · Fairness · Semi-Supervised Learning

Author Information

Jiaqi Ma (University of Michigan)
Junwei Deng (University of Michigan)
Qiaozhu Mei (University of Michigan)

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