Elastic Weight Consolidation for Knowledge Graph Continual Learning: An Empirical Evaluation

Knowledge graphs (KGs) require continual updates as new information emerges, but neural embedding models suffer from catastrophic forgetting when learning new tasks sequentially. We evaluate Elastic Weight Consolidation (EWC), a regularization-based continual learning method, on KG link prediction using TransE embeddings on FB15k-237. Across 80 experiments with five random seeds, we find that EWC reduces catastrophic forgetting from 12.62\% to 6.85\%, a 45.7\% reduction compared to naïve sequential training. We observe that the task partitioning strategy affects the magnitude of forgetting: semantically coherent tasks exhibit 9.8 percentage points higher forgetting than randomly partitioned tasks (12.62\% vs 2.81\%), suggesting that task construction influences evaluation outcomes. While focused on a single embedding model and dataset, our results demonstrate that EWC effectively mitigates catastrophic forgetting in KG continual learning and highlight the importance of evaluation protocol design.