Auditing Demographic Bias in LLM Career Advice for Indian Students
Harsh Agarwal ⋅ Peeyush Agarwal
Abstract
Large language models are increasingly used as career advisors, especially in the Global South where career counselling is scarce. However, their behaviour on such high-stakes decisions remains under-examined. We audit four LLMs from three countries (the US, China, and India) on India's Class~10 stream choice. It is a critical and largely irreversible decision that gates a student's access to engineering, medicine, and other higher-education paths. Using 540 matched synthetic student profiles, we find that every model lowers a female student's chance of a science recommendation relative to an identical male profile ($\beta=-1.77$ to $-3.98$). Income and first-generation status shift recommendations toward Vocational study, and region changes the stream in three of the models. The four models agree on a single stream for only 12.8\% of the profiles. These results show that model selection alone is not a fairness safeguard for this decision, and motivate matched-profile auditing before LLM career guidance is deployed.
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