UniFunc3D: Unified Active Spatial-Temporal Grounding for 3D Affordance Segmentation

Affordance segmentation in 3D scenes requires an agent to ground implicit natural-language instructions into precise masks of fine-grained interactive elements. Existing training-free methods typically rely on fragmented pipelines, which introduce visual blindness during task parsing and limit accuracy through single-scale spatial and temporal processing. We present UniFunc3D, a unified and training-free framework that treats the multimodal large language model as an active observer. By consolidating semantic, temporal, and spatial reasoning into a single forward pass, UniFunc3D performs joint reasoning to ground task decomposition in direct visual evidence. Our approach introduces active spatial-temporal grounding with a coarse-to-fine strategy. This allows the model to select correct video frames adaptively and focus on high-detail interactive parts while preserving the global context necessary for disambiguation. On SceneFun3D, our UniFunc3D achieves state-of-the-art performance, surpassing prior training-free methods by a large margin with a relative 59.9\% mIoU improvement, and even outperforming training-based methods without any task-specific training. Code will be released.