Poster
Provably Powerful Graph Networks
Haggai Maron · Heli Ben-Hamu · Hadar Serviansky · Yaron Lipman
East Exhibition Hall B, C #71
Keywords: [ Deep Learning ]
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Abstract
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Abstract:
Recently, the Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) graph isomorphism test was used to measure the expressive power of graph neural networks (GNN). It was shown that the popular message passing GNN cannot distinguish between graphs that are indistinguishable by the 11-WL test \citep{morris2019,xu2019}. Unfortunately, many simple instances of graphs are indistinguishable by the 11-WL test.
In search for more expressive graph learning models we build upon the recent kk-order invariant and equivariant graph neural networks \citep{maron2019} and present two results:
First, we show that such kk-order networks can distinguish between non-isomorphic graphs as good as the kk-WL tests, which are provably stronger than the 11-WL test for k>2k>2. This makes these models strictly stronger than message passing models. Unfortunately, the higher expressiveness of these models comes with a computational cost of processing high order tensors.
Second, setting our goal at building a provably stronger, \emph{simple} and \emph{scalable} model we show that a reduced 22-order network containing just scaled identity operator, augmented with a single quadratic operation (matrix multiplication) has a provable 33-WL expressive power. Differently put, we suggest a simple model that interleaves applications of standard Multilayer-Perceptron (MLP) applied to the feature dimension and matrix multiplication.
We validate this model by presenting state of the art results on popular graph classification and regression tasks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first practical invariant/equivariant model with guaranteed 33-WL expressiveness, strictly stronger than message passing models.
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