Keywords: Slums, Deprived Areas, Machine learning, Weak Labels, Gridded Population Data, Earth Observation, Remote Sensing, Sentinel-2, Sustainable Development Goals.This abstract presents:- The motivation and challenges of mapping slums and estimating the population living in these communities.- Our approach and results 1) using weak labels and medium-resolution imagery to map slums; 2) employing Gridded Population Data to estimate the population living in slums.