Towards Multi-Domain Learning for Generalizable Video Anomaly Detection

Most of the existing Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) studies have been conducted within single-domain learning, where training and evaluation are performed on a single dataset. However, the criteria for abnormal events differ across VAD datasets, making it problematic to apply a single-domain model to other domains. In this paper, we propose a new task called Multi-Domain learning forVAD (MDVAD) to explore various real-world abnormal events using multiple datasets for a general model. MDVAD involves training on datasets from multiple domains simultaneously, and we experimentally observe that Abnormal Conflicts between domains hinder learning and generalization. The task aims to address two key objectives: (i) better distinguishing between general normal and abnormal events across multiple domains, and (ii) being aware of ambiguous abnormal conflicts. This paper is the first to tackle abnormal conflict issue and introduces a new benchmark, baselines, and evaluation protocols for MDVAD. As baselines, we propose a framework with Null(Angular)-Multiple Instance Learning and an Abnormal Conflict classifier. Through experiments on a MDVAD benchmark composed of six VAD datasets and using four different evaluation protocols, we reveal abnormal conflicts and demonstrate that the proposed baseline effectively handles these conflicts, showing robustness and adaptability across multiple domains.